Induction of protective immune responses by a multiantigenic DNA vaccine encoding GRA7 and ROP1 of Toxoplasma gondii

Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2012 May;19(5):666-74. doi: 10.1128/CVI.05385-11. Epub 2012 Mar 14.

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is distributed worldwide and infects most species of warm-blooded animals, including humans. The heavy incidence and severe or lethal damage caused by T. gondii infection clearly indicates the need for the development of a vaccine. To evaluate the protective efficacy of a multiantigenic DNA vaccine expressing GRA7 and ROP1 of T. gondii with or without a plasmid encoding murine interleukin-12 (pIL12), we constructed DNA vaccines using the eukaryotic plasmids pGRA7, pROP1, and pGRA7-ROP1. Mice immunized with pGRA7, pROP1, or pGRA7-ROP1 showed significantly increased serum IgG2a titers; production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α); in vitro T cell proliferation; and survival, as well as decreased cyst burdens in the brain, compared to mice immunized with either the empty plasmid, pIL12, or vector with pIL12 (vector+pIL12). Moreover, mice immunized with the multiantigenic DNA vaccine pGRA7-ROP1 had higher IgG2a titers, production of IFN-γ and TNF-α, survival time, and cyst reduction rate compared to those of mice vaccinated with either pGRA7 or pROP1 alone. Furthermore, mice immunized with either a pGRA7-ROP1+pIL12 or a single-gene vaccine combined with pIL12 showed greater Th1 immune response and protective efficacy than the single-gene-vaccinated groups. Our data suggest that the multiantigenic DNA antigen pGRA7-ROP1 was more effective in stimulating host protective immune responses than separately injected single antigens, and that IL-12 serves as a good DNA adjuvant.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adjuvants, Immunologic / administration & dosage
  • Adjuvants, Immunologic / genetics
  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Protozoan / blood
  • Antigens, Protozoan / genetics
  • Antigens, Protozoan / immunology*
  • Brain / parasitology
  • Cell Proliferation
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Female
  • Interferon-gamma / metabolism
  • Interleukin-12 / administration & dosage
  • Interleukin-12 / genetics
  • Membrane Proteins / genetics
  • Membrane Proteins / immunology*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Parasite Load
  • Protozoan Proteins / genetics
  • Protozoan Proteins / immunology*
  • Protozoan Vaccines / administration & dosage
  • Protozoan Vaccines / immunology*
  • Survival Analysis
  • T-Lymphocytes / immunology
  • Toxoplasma / genetics
  • Toxoplasma / immunology*
  • Toxoplasma / pathogenicity
  • Toxoplasmosis, Animal / immunology
  • Toxoplasmosis, Animal / prevention & control
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism
  • Vaccines, DNA / administration & dosage
  • Vaccines, DNA / immunology*

Substances

  • Adjuvants, Immunologic
  • Antibodies, Protozoan
  • Antigens, Protozoan
  • GRA7 protein, Toxoplasma gondii
  • Membrane Proteins
  • Protozoan Proteins
  • Protozoan Vaccines
  • ROP 1 protein, Toxoplasma gondii
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • Vaccines, DNA
  • Interleukin-12
  • Interferon-gamma