Pharmacokinetics of ferroquine, a novel 4-aminoquinoline, in asymptomatic carriers of Plasmodium falciparum infections

Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012 Jun;56(6):3165-73. doi: 10.1128/AAC.05359-11. Epub 2012 Mar 19.

Abstract

Ferroquine (SSR97193), a ferrocene-quinoline conjugate, is a promising novel antimalarial currently undergoing clinical evaluation. This study characterizes its pharmacokinetic properties. Young male African volunteers with asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infection were administered a single oral dose (n = 40) or a repeated oral dose (n = 26) given over 3 days of ferroquine in two dose-escalation, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. In addition, a food interaction study was performed in a subsample of participants (n = 16). The studies were carried out in Lambaréné, Gabon. After single-dose administration of ferroquine, dose linearity was demonstrated in a dose range of 400 to 1,200 mg for maximum mean blood concentrations ([C(max)] 82 to 270 ng/ml) and in a dose range of 400 to 1,600 mg for overall exposure to ferroquine (area under the concentration-time curve [AUC], 13,100 to 49,200 ng · h/ml). Overall mean estimate for blood apparent terminal half-life of ferroquine was 16 days and 31 days for its active and major metabolite desmethylferroquine (SSR97213). In the 3-day repeated-dose study, C(max) and overall cumulated exposure to ferroquine (AUC(cum)) increased in proportion with the dose from day 1 to day 3 between 400 and 800 mg. No major food effect on ferroquine pharmacokinetics was observed after single administration of 100 mg of ferroquine except for a slight delay of time to maximum blood concentration (t(max)) by approximately 3 h. The pharmacokinetics of ferroquine and its active main metabolite are characterized by sustained levels in blood, and the properties of ferroquine as a partner drug in antimalarial combination therapy should be evaluated.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aminoquinolines / pharmacokinetics*
  • Aminoquinolines / therapeutic use*
  • Antimalarials / pharmacokinetics*
  • Antimalarials / therapeutic use*
  • Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic
  • Ferrous Compounds / pharmacokinetics*
  • Ferrous Compounds / therapeutic use*
  • Humans
  • Malaria, Falciparum / drug therapy*
  • Male
  • Metallocenes
  • Models, Statistical
  • Plasmodium falciparum / drug effects
  • Plasmodium falciparum / pathogenicity*
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Aminoquinolines
  • Antimalarials
  • Ferrous Compounds
  • Metallocenes
  • ferroquine
  • 4-aminoquinoline