The evaluation and treatment of graves ophthalmopathy

Med Clin North Am. 2012 Mar;96(2):311-28. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2012.01.014. Epub 2012 Feb 22.

Abstract

Optimum care of the patient with Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) is achieved through teamwork between the endocrinologist and ophthalmologist, with input from ancillary specialists as needed. Clinical evaluation should include determination of both the severity and the activity of the disease. It is important to assess early in the evaluation the impact of the disease on the patient's quality of life and their priorities and expectations regarding management. Once this information has been gathered, careful discussion between patient and physicians can define the management plan. This article reviews the pathophysiology, epidemiology, evaluation, and management of GO.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / therapeutic use
  • Combined Modality Therapy
  • Decompression, Surgical
  • Disease Progression
  • Glucocorticoids / therapeutic use
  • Graves Ophthalmopathy / diagnosis*
  • Graves Ophthalmopathy / drug therapy
  • Graves Ophthalmopathy / radiotherapy
  • Graves Ophthalmopathy / therapy*
  • Humans
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / therapeutic use
  • Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Radiotherapy Dosage
  • Radiotherapy, Conformal / methods
  • Risk Assessment
  • Severity of Illness Index

Substances

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Immunosuppressive Agents
  • Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors