The development of acoustic cues to coda contrasts in young children learning American English

J Acoust Soc Am. 2012 Apr;131(4):3036-50. doi: 10.1121/1.3687467.

Abstract

Research on children's speech perception and production suggests that consonant voicing and place contrasts may be acquired early in life, at least in word-onset position. However, little is known about the development of the acoustic correlates of later-acquired, word-final coda contrasts. This is of particular interest in languages like English where many grammatical morphemes are realized as codas. This study therefore examined how various non-spectral acoustic cues vary as a function of stop coda voicing (voiced vs. voiceless) and place (alveolar vs. velar) in the spontaneous speech of 6 American-English-speaking mother-child dyads. The results indicate that children as young as 1;6 exhibited many adult-like acoustic cues to voicing and place contrasts, including longer vowels and more frequent use of voice bar with voiced codas, and a greater number of bursts and longer post-release noise for velar codas. However, 1;6-year-olds overall exhibited longer durations and more frequent occurrence of these cues compared to mothers, with decreasing values by 2;6. Thus, English-speaking 1;6-year-olds already exhibit adult-like use of some of the cues to coda voicing and place, though implementation is not yet fully adult-like. Physiological and contextual correlates of these findings are discussed.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Child Language
  • Child, Preschool
  • Cues*
  • Female
  • Glottis / physiology
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Language*
  • Learning / physiology*
  • Male
  • Mother-Child Relations
  • Noise
  • Phonetics*
  • Speech Acoustics*
  • Speech Perception / physiology
  • Voice / physiology