Surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE) arose from the integration of fluorescence and plasmonics, two rapidly expanding research fields. SPCE is revealing novel phenomena and has potential applications in bioanalysis, medical diagnostics, drug discovery, and genomics. In SPCE, excited fluorophores couple with surface plasmons on a continuous thin metal film; plasmophores radiate into a higher-refractive index medium with a narrow angular distribution. Because of the directional emission, the sensitivity of this technique can be greatly improved with high collection efficiency. This review describes the unique features of SPCE. In particular, we focus on recent advances in SPCE-based analytical platforms and their applications in DNA sensing and the detection of other biomolecules and chemicals.