Dural arteriovenous fistulas presenting with brainstem dysfunction: diagnosis and surgical treatment

Neurosurg Focus. 2012 May;32(5):E10. doi: 10.3171/2012.2.FOCUS1217.

Abstract

A cerebral dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is an acquired abnormal arterial-to-venous connection within the leaves of the intracranial dura with a wide range of clinical presentations and natural history. The Cognard classification correlates venous drainage patterns with neurological course, identifying 5 DAVF types with increasing rates of symptomatic presentation. A spinal DAVF occurs when a radicular artery makes a direct anomalous shunt with a radicular vein within the dural leaflets of the nerve root sleeve. A cervical DAVF is a rare entity, as most spinal DAVFs present as thoracolumbar lesions with myelopathy. In this paper the authors present 2 patients presenting initially with brainstem dysfunction rather than myelopathy secondary to craniocervical DAVF. The literature is then reviewed for similar rare aggressive DAVFs at the craniocervical junction presenting with brainstem symptomatology.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Angiography, Digital Subtraction
  • Brain Stem / pathology
  • Brain Stem / physiopathology*
  • Brain Stem / surgery*
  • Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations / diagnosis*
  • Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations / surgery*
  • Cerebral Angiography
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Middle Aged
  • Neurosurgery / methods*