Abstract
Hemoglobin, α-chain, β-chain and fragmented hemoglobin of Crocodylus siamensis demonstrated both antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the hemoglobin did not depend on the heme structure but could result from the compositions of amino acid residues and structures present in their primary structure. Furthermore, thirteen purified active peptides were obtained by RP-HPLC analyses, corresponding to fragments in the α-globin chain and the β-globin chain which are mostly located at the N-terminal and C-terminal parts. These active peptides operate on the bacterial cell membrane. The globin chains of Crocodylus siamensis showed similar amino acids to the sequences of Crocodylus niloticus. The novel amino acid substitutions of α-chain and β-chain are not associated with the heme binding site or the bicarbonate ion binding site, but could be important through their interactions with membranes of bacteria.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Alligators and Crocodiles*
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Amino Acid Sequence
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Animals
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Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemistry*
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Anti-Bacterial Agents / isolation & purification
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Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
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Antifungal Agents / chemistry
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Antifungal Agents / isolation & purification
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Antifungal Agents / pharmacology
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Antioxidants / chemistry*
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Antioxidants / isolation & purification
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Antioxidants / pharmacology
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Candida albicans / drug effects
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Conserved Sequence
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Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests
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Gram-Negative Bacteria / drug effects
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Gram-Positive Bacteria / drug effects
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Gram-Positive Bacteria / ultrastructure
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Hemoglobins / chemistry*
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Hemoglobins / isolation & purification
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Hemoglobins / pharmacology
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Peptide Fragments / chemistry*
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Peptide Fragments / isolation & purification
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Peptide Fragments / pharmacology
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Phylogeny
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Protein Subunits / chemistry
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Protein Subunits / isolation & purification
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Protein Subunits / pharmacology
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Proteolysis
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Reptilian Proteins / chemistry*
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Reptilian Proteins / isolation & purification
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Reptilian Proteins / pharmacology
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Sequence Analysis, Protein
Substances
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Anti-Bacterial Agents
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Antifungal Agents
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Antioxidants
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Hemoglobins
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Peptide Fragments
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Protein Subunits
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Reptilian Proteins