Speckle tracking echocardiography in acute myocarditis

Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013 Feb;29(2):275-84. doi: 10.1007/s10554-012-0085-6. Epub 2012 Jun 27.

Abstract

To evaluate 2-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in patients with acute myocarditis. In this retrospective cohort study, 45 patients (age, 39 ± 15 years; 32 male) with suspected acute myocarditis and 83 healthy controls (age, 39 ± 13 years; 27 male) underwent 2-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography. Main outcome measures were circumferential and longitudinal strain and strain rate as prognostic and diagnostic markers. Patients with myocarditis had lower circumferential strain (-13.3 ± 5.6 % vs. -22.3 ± 4 %), circumferential strain rate (-0.9 ± 0.3 vs. -1.4 ± 0.3 s(-1)), longitudinal strain (-11.7 ± 4 % vs. -17.7 ± 1.9 %), and longitudinal strain rate (-0.7 ± 0.2 vs. -1.0 ± 0.1 s(-1)) (all P < .001). For diagnostic purposes, longitudinal strain had the greatest area under the curve, 0.93 (optimal cutoff value, -15.1 %; sensitivity, 78 %; specificity, 93 %). Future events were defined as cardiac death, heart transplant, placement of left ventricular assist device or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, pulmonary edema-related respiratory failure, cardiogenic shock, and rehospitalization due to cardiac events. For every 1 % decline in longitudinal or circumferential strain, the hazard ratios (95 % CIs) were 1.26 (1.10-1.47) and 1.34 (1.14-1.63), respectively; for every 0.1 s(-1) decline in longitudinal or circumferential strain rate, the hazard ratios (95 % CIs) were 1.43 (1.09-1.89) and 1.52 (1.19-2.01), respectively (P < .01). Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test showed event-free survival significantly related to these 4 measurements. In acute myocarditis, left ventricular strain and strain rate may be promising diagnostic and prognostic tools, even in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Most importantly, this imaging technique had a role in predicting deterioration and overall event-free survival.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease
  • Adult
  • Biomechanical Phenomena
  • Chi-Square Distribution
  • Disease Progression
  • Disease-Free Survival
  • Echocardiography / methods*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Kaplan-Meier Estimate
  • Logistic Models
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Myocardial Contraction
  • Myocarditis / diagnostic imaging*
  • Myocarditis / mortality
  • Myocarditis / physiopathology
  • Myocarditis / therapy
  • Observer Variation
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Stroke Volume
  • Time Factors
  • Ventricular Function, Left*
  • Young Adult