Prognostic implications of Q waves and T-wave inversion associated with early repolarization

Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Jul;87(7):614-9. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.04.009.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of early polarization (ER) in a stable population and to evaluate the prognostic significance of the association or absence of Q waves or T-wave inversion (TWI).

Patients and methods: In this retrospective study performed at the university-affiliated Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care Center from March 1, 1987, through December 31, 1999, we evaluated outpatient electrocardiograms. Vital status and cause of death were determined in all patients, with a mean ± SD follow-up of 7.6±3.8 years.

Results: Of the 29,281 patients, 87% were men and 13% were African American. Inferior or lateral ER was present in 664 patients (2.3%): in inferior leads in 185 (0.6%), in lateral leads in 479 (1.6%) , and in both inferior and lateral leads in 163 (0.6%). Only when Q waves or TWI accompanied ER was there an increased risk of cardiovascular death (Cox proportional hazards regression model, 5.0; 95% confidence interval, 3.4-7.2; P<.001).

Conclusion: Common patterns of ER without concomitant Q waves or TWI are not associated with increased risk of cardiovascular death; however, when either occurs with ER, there is a hazard ratio of 5.0. These findings confirm that ER is a benign entity; however, the presence of Q waves or TWI with ER is predictive of increased cardiovascular death.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Arrhythmias, Cardiac / ethnology
  • Arrhythmias, Cardiac / mortality*
  • Arrhythmias, Cardiac / physiopathology*
  • Black or African American / statistics & numerical data
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / mortality*
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / physiopathology*
  • Cause of Death
  • Coronary Disease / mortality
  • Coronary Disease / physiopathology
  • Electrocardiography*
  • Female
  • Heart Conduction System / physiopathology*
  • Heart Rate
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Prognosis
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Time Factors
  • White People / statistics & numerical data