Abstract
Objective:
Leukocyte infiltration in ischemic areas is a hallmark of myocardial infarction, and overwhelming infiltration of innate immune cells has been shown to promote adverse remodeling and cardiac rupture. Recruitment of inflammatory cells in the ischemic heart depends highly on the family of CC-chemokines and their receptors. Here, we hypothesized that the chemokine decoy receptor D6, which specifically binds and scavenges inflammatory CC-chemokines, might limit inflammation and adverse cardiac remodeling after infarction.
Methods and results:
D6 was expressed in human and murine infarcted myocardium. In a murine model of myocardial infarction, D6 deficiency led to increased chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 levels in the ischemic heart. D6-deficient (D6(-/-)) infarcts displayed increased infiltration of pathogenic neutrophils and Ly6Chi monocytes, associated with strong matrix metalloproteinase-9 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activities in the ischemic heart. D6(-/-) mice were cardiac rupture prone after myocardial infarction, and functional analysis revealed that D6(-/-) hearts had features of adverse remodeling with left ventricle dilation and reduced ejection fraction. Bone marrow chimera experiments showed that leukocyte-borne D6 had no role in this setting, and that leukocyte-specific chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 deficiency rescued the adverse phenotype observed in D6(-/-) mice.
Conclusions:
We show for the first time that the chemokine decoy receptor D6 limits CC-chemokine-dependent pathogenic inflammation and is required for adequate cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Antigens, Ly / metabolism
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Bone Marrow Transplantation
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Chemokine CCL2 / metabolism
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Chemokine CCL3 / metabolism
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Chemokine Receptor D6
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Chemotaxis
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Disease Models, Animal
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Genotype
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Heart Rupture, Post-Infarction / immunology
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Heart Rupture, Post-Infarction / pathology
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Humans
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Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / immunology
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Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / pathology
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Inflammation / genetics
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Inflammation / immunology
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Inflammation / metabolism
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Inflammation / pathology
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Inflammation / prevention & control*
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Inflammation Mediators / metabolism
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / metabolism
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / metabolism
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred C57BL
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Mice, Knockout
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Monocytes / immunology
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Myocardial Infarction / complications
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Myocardial Infarction / diagnostic imaging
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Myocardial Infarction / genetics
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Myocardial Infarction / immunology*
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Myocardial Infarction / metabolism
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Myocardial Infarction / physiopathology
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Myocardium / immunology*
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Myocardium / metabolism
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Myocardium / pathology
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Neutrophil Infiltration
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Neutrophils / immunology
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Phenotype
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Receptors, CCR10 / metabolism*
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Receptors, CCR2 / deficiency
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Receptors, CCR2 / genetics
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Receptors, Chemokine / deficiency
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Receptors, Chemokine / genetics
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Receptors, Chemokine / metabolism*
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Signal Transduction
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Stroke Volume
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Ultrasonography
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Ventricular Function, Left
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Ventricular Remodeling*
Substances
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Ackr2 protein, mouse
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Antigens, Ly
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Ccl2 protein, mouse
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Ccl3 protein, mouse
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Ccr2 protein, mouse
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Chemokine CCL2
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Chemokine CCL3
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Inflammation Mediators
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Ly6 protein, mouse
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Receptors, CCR10
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Receptors, CCR2
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Receptors, Chemokine
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
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Mmp2 protein, mouse
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
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Mmp9 protein, mouse