DNA-binding proteins from starved cells (Dps), which are encoded by many bacterial genomes, protect genomic DNA via non-specific DNA binding, as well as inhibition of free radical formation by chelating Fe(II). In the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena, the second gene (lti46.2) in the low temperature-induced gene operon lti46 in strain M3 was found to encode a homologue of Dps, but for a long time this gene remained poorly characterized. A gene cluster, all0459-all0458-all0457, was found later to be 100% identical to the lti46 gene cluster in a closely related strain, PCC 7120. In the present study, we detected ferroxidase activity of the Lti46.2/All0458 protein, which formed a dodecamer, as found in other Dps proteins. In addition, three homologues of all0458 were found in strain PCC 7120, namely, all1173, alr3808 and all4145. We analysed expression of the lti46 or all0459-8-7 gene cluster in both strains, M3 and PCC 7120, and confirmed its induction by low temperature. We found that the All0458-GFP fusion protein and the All1173-GFP fusion protein were localized to the nucleoids. In the all0458 null mutant, the transcript of the alr3808 gene accumulated. These results suggest that there might be complex cooperation of various members of the dps family in protecting the genome from environmental stresses such as changing temperature.