Aim: To investigate the long-term outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS) with a fully covered self-expandable metallic stent (FCSEMS).
Methods: From April 2009 to August 2010, 15 patients with distal malignant biliary obstructions who were candidates for alternative techniques for biliary decompression due to a failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were included. These 15 patients consisted of 8 men and 7 women and had a median age of 61 years (range: 30-91 years). The underlying causes of the distal malignant biliary obstruction were pancreatic cancer (n = 9), ampulla of Vater cancer (n = 2), renal cell carcinoma (n = 1), advanced gastric cancer (n = 1), lymphoma (n = 1), and duodenal cancer (n = 1).
Results: The technical success rate of EUS-CDS with an FCSEMS was 86.7% (13/15), and functional success was achieved in 100% (13/13) of those cases. In two patients, the EUS-CDS failed because an FCSEMS with a delivery device could not be passed into the common bile duct. The mean duration of stent patency was 264 d. Early adverse events developed in three patients (3/13, 23.1%), including self-limited pneumoperitoneum in two patients and cholangitis requiring stent reposition in one patient. During the follow-up period (median: 186 d, range: 52-388 d), distal stent migration occurred in four patients (4/13, 30.8%). In 3 patients, the FCSEMS could be reinserted through the existing choledochoduodenal fistula tract.
Conclusion: EUS-CDS with an FCSEMS is technically feasible and can lead to effective palliation of distal malignant biliary obstructions after failed ERCP.
Keywords: Bile duct obstruction; Drainage; Endosonography; Neoplasms; Self-expandable metallic stent.