Background: The endothelial form of nitric oxide synthases (eNOS) seems to have an important role in vascular development, maintenance of the vascular tone and tumor growth in human prostate cancer (PC). The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between grade and stage of disease, age of diagnosis, vascular or perineural invasion, pre-diagnostic plasma prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, prostate cancer risk and Glu298Asp polymorphism of the eNOS gene.
Methods: Ninety-five prostate cancer patients and 111 benign prostate hyperplasia subjects were included. The Glu298Asp polymorphism of the eNOS gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism
Results: The odds ratio (OR) between the GT and GG polymorphism was 0.76, indicating that the presence of the GT polymorphism decreased the risk of prostate cancer of more than 20% compared to the GG polymorphism. This difference, however, was not statistically significant. The GT polymorphism had an inverse association with cancer grade compared to the reference group (OR=0.47, p value=0.2).
Conclusions: These results suggest that prostate cancer development is not associated with the Glu298Asp polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene in our population. Further studies in larger samples are needed to confirm our results and characterize the molecular mechanisms by which eNOS is involved in the susceptibility to prostate cancer.