Pre-emptive intraperitoneal local anaesthesia: an effective method in immediate post-operative pain management and metabolic stress response in laparoscopic appendicectomy, a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study

ANZ J Surg. 2014 Jan-Feb;84(1-2):47-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2012.06210.x. Epub 2012 Oct 11.

Abstract

Background: Although laparoscopic surgeries are associated with reduced surgical stress response and shortened post-operative recovery, intense pain and high analgesia requirements in the immediate post-operative period are often the chief complaints.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-emptive intraperitoneal local anaesthetic drugs on post-operative pain management and metabolic stress response in laparoscopic appendicectomy.

Method: The method used was a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study. Patients with clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis who fulfil the criteria, were taken into this study. Primary outcomes investigated were consumption of patient-controlled analgesia during the immediate post-operative period (first 6 h) and subsequent 18 h as well as serum cortisol sampling.

Results: Total of 120 patients were recruited into three different treatment groups (placebo, ropivacaine, levobupivacaine). In order to maintain visual analogue score of 0-1 during the immediate post-operative period, patients in the placebo group required significantly (P < 0.001) higher dose of analgesia (morphine/mg) - 11 mg (8.3-15.5) as compared with ropivacaine - 4 mg (3.0-6.0) and levobupivacaine - 3.5 mg (2.0-5.0). The immediate post-operative serum cortisol showed a significant increase in serum cortisol in the placebo group (P = 0.001) as compared with ropivacaine and levobupivacaine groups.

Conclusion: Pre-emptive intraperitoneal local anaesthesia in laparoscopy surgery is a safe, non-invasive procedure that can benefit patients by reducing the immediate post-operative pain intensity and metabolic stress response of the body.

Keywords: intraperitoneal local anaesthesia; metabolic stress response; pre-emptive analgesia.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Amides / administration & dosage
  • Analgesia, Patient-Controlled / statistics & numerical data
  • Anesthesia, Local / methods*
  • Anesthetics, Local / administration & dosage*
  • Appendectomy / methods*
  • Appendicitis / surgery*
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Bupivacaine / administration & dosage
  • Bupivacaine / analogs & derivatives
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hydrocortisone / blood
  • Infusions, Parenteral
  • Laparoscopy*
  • Levobupivacaine
  • Male
  • Pain Measurement
  • Pain, Postoperative / blood
  • Pain, Postoperative / diagnosis
  • Pain, Postoperative / drug therapy
  • Pain, Postoperative / prevention & control*
  • Ropivacaine
  • Stress, Physiological*
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Amides
  • Anesthetics, Local
  • Biomarkers
  • Ropivacaine
  • Levobupivacaine
  • Hydrocortisone
  • Bupivacaine