Robotic adrenalectomy: technical aspects, early results and learning curve

Int J Med Robot. 2012 Dec;8(4):483-90. doi: 10.1002/rcs.1454. Epub 2012 Oct 19.

Abstract

Background: Adrenal surgery is undergoing continuous evolution, and robotic technology may extend indications for a minimally invasive approach to adrenalectomy.

Methods: Thirty robot-assisted unilateral transperitoneal adrenalectomy procedures have been performed at our Department over the last 5 years. The presence of bilateral lesions and vascular involvement were the only contra-indications for a minimally invasive approach. Several patients presented with significant co-morbidities: BMI > 35 kg/m(2) (20%); ASA score III-IV (58.7%); and moderate to severe impaired respiratory function (36.6%). In addition, 40% of patients had undergone previous abdominal surgery.

Results: Two patients presented with intra-operative complications (6.6%) and only one patient required conversion to an open procedure (3.3%). None of the patients required intraoperative transfusions. Hospital morbidity was 10% but no mortality was recorded. The mean hospital stay was 5.2 ± 2.2 days. The mean size of the resected adrenal mass was 5.1 ± 2.4 cm. A significant reduction in operative times was found with gaining experience.

Conclusions: Thanks to robotic technology, some subpopulations of patients with clinical or oncological contra-indications to laparoscopic treatment may be addressed with minimally invasive treatment.

MeSH terms

  • Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / surgery
  • Adrenalectomy / adverse effects
  • Adrenalectomy / education
  • Adrenalectomy / methods*
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Intraoperative Complications / etiology
  • Learning Curve
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / adverse effects
  • Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / education
  • Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / methods
  • Operative Time
  • Robotics / education
  • Robotics / methods*
  • Surgery, Computer-Assisted / adverse effects
  • Surgery, Computer-Assisted / education
  • Surgery, Computer-Assisted / methods*
  • Treatment Outcome