The KIF3 subunit KIF3B was proved to be associated with mitosis. It has been known to be engaged in intracellular transport of neurons. To elucidate the certain expression and biological function in central nervous system, we performed an acute spinal cord contusion injury model in adult rats. Western blot analysis indicated a marked upregulation of KIF3B after spinal cord injury (SCI). Immunohistochemistry revealed wide distribution of KIF3B in spinal cord, including neurons and glial cells. Double immunofluorescent staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen and phenotype-specific markers showed increases of KIF3B expression in proliferating microglia and astrocytes. Our data suggest that KIF3B may be implicated in the proliferation of microglia and astrocytes after SCI.