The nuclear localization of glycogen synthase kinase 3β is required its putative PY-nuclear localization sequences

Mol Cells. 2012 Oct;34(4):375-82. doi: 10.1007/s10059-012-0167-2. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

Abstract

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β), which is a member of the serine/threonine kinase family, has been shown to be crucial for cellular survival, differentiation, and metabolism. Here, we present evidence that GSK-3β is associated with the karyopherin β2 (Kap β2) (102-kDa), which functions as a substrate for transportation into the nucleus. A potential PY-NLS motif ((109)IVRLRYFFY(117)) was observed, which is similar with the consensus PY NLS motif (R/K/H)X(2-5)PY in the GSK-3β catalytic domain. Using a pull down approach, we observed that GSK-3β physically interacts with Kap β2 both in vivo and in vitro. Secondly, GSK-3β and Kap β2 were shown to be co-localized by confocal microscopy. The localization of GSK-3β to the nuclear region was disrupted by putative Kap β2 binding site mutation. Furthermore, in transient transfection assays, the Kap β2 binding site mutant induced a substantial reduction in the in vivo serine/threonine phosphorylation of GSK-3β, where- as the GSK-3β wild type did not. Thus, our observations indicated that Kap β2 imports GSK-3β through its putative PY NLS motif from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and increases its kinase activity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Motifs
  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Cell Nucleus / enzymology*
  • Cell Survival
  • Enzyme Stability
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / chemistry*
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / metabolism*
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Humans
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Mutant Proteins / chemistry
  • Mutant Proteins / metabolism
  • Nuclear Localization Signals / chemistry
  • Nuclear Localization Signals / metabolism*
  • Phosphorylation
  • Phosphoserine / metabolism
  • Phosphotyrosine / metabolism
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Transport
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Subcellular Fractions / enzymology
  • beta Karyopherins / metabolism

Substances

  • Mutant Proteins
  • Nuclear Localization Signals
  • beta Karyopherins
  • Phosphoserine
  • Phosphotyrosine
  • GSK3B protein, human
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3