There are a number of choices for placement of the distal catheter during ventricular shunting for hydrocephalic patients. In very rare instances, patients with multiple revisions can no longer have their shunt placed in the routine locations. We describe the placement of the distal catheter into the atrium through direct cardiac access, a technique described decades ago but rarely needed in clinical practice. This can be a useful location in the limited number of patients who have exhausted other more routine locations.
Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel.