Pretransplant donor-specific HLA antibodies detected by single antigen bead flow cytometry: risk factors and outcomes after kidney transplantation

Transplant Proc. 2012 Nov;44(9):2529-31. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.09.102.

Abstract

Background: The clinical significance of pretransplant donor-specific antibodies (pre-Tx DSAs) detected by single antigen bead flow cytometry (SAB-FC) remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate the impact that pre-Tx DSAs detected by SAB-FC have on the early and late clinical outcomes.

Patients and methods: We retrospectively tested stored frozen pre-Tx sera from 222 deceased-donor kidney transplants performed between November 1997 and November 2006. All patients had a negative complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) cross-match with the donor. Median follow up was 5.1 years.

Results: Twenty-two (10%) patients had pre-Tx HLA antibodies detected by CDC. Pre-Tx HLA antibodies were detected using SAB-FC in the sera of 46 (20.7%) patients; 36 (16.2%) of them presented pre-Tx DSAs, 18 had class I antibodies, 9 class II, and 9 patients presented both classes. Mean pre-Tx DSA class I/II was 2360/1972 (MFI) mean fluorescence index in non CDC-sensitized patients. Pre-Tx DSAs were associated with female sex, retransplants, and pretransplant transfusions. Patients with Pre-Tx DSAs more than 1000 MFI and negative CDC screening presented a higher percentage of delayed graft function (61.1% versus 38.9%), more episodes of acute vascular rejection (33.3% versus 13.7%), and chronic rejection as the cause of allograft failure (22.2% versus 9.7%) compared with non-pre-Tx DSAs patients. Five-year allograft survival was significantly worse in patients with pre-Tx DSA (68.5% versus 82%, P = .006) and in patients with pre-Tx DSA class II more than 1000 MFI (43% versus 82%, P = .009). We didn't find differences in patient survival.

Discussion: Pre-Tx DSAs detected by SAB-FC were more frequent in female recipients, and they were associated with acute vascular and chronic rejection and a poorer graft outcome.

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Chronic Disease
  • Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
  • Female
  • Flow Cytometry*
  • Graft Rejection / immunology
  • Graft Survival
  • HLA Antigens / blood*
  • Histocompatibility Testing / methods*
  • Histocompatibility*
  • Humans
  • Isoantibodies / blood*
  • Kaplan-Meier Estimate
  • Kidney Transplantation / adverse effects
  • Kidney Transplantation / immunology*
  • Kidney Transplantation / mortality
  • Logistic Models
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Multivariate Analysis
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Sex Factors
  • Spain
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • HLA Antigens
  • Isoantibodies