Antifungal activity of homoaconitate and homoisocitrate analogs

Molecules. 2012 Nov 27;17(12):14022-36. doi: 10.3390/molecules171214022.

Abstract

Thirteen structural analogs of two initial intermediates of the L-α-aminoadipate pathway of L-lysine biosynthesis in fungi have been designed and synthesized, including fluoro- and epoxy-derivatives of homoaconitate and homoisocitrate. Some of the obtained compounds exhibited at milimolar range moderate enzyme inhibitory properties against homoaconitase and/or homoisocitrate dehydrogenase of Candida albicans. The structural basis for homoisocitrate dehydrogenase inhibition was revealed by molecular modeling of the enzyme-inhibitor complex. On the other hand, the trimethyl ester forms of some of the novel compounds exhibited antifungal effects. The highest antifungal activity was found for trimethyl trans-homoaconitate, which inhibited growth of some human pathogenic yeasts with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 16-32 mg/mL.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aconitic Acid* / analogs & derivatives
  • Aconitic Acid* / chemical synthesis
  • Aconitic Acid* / chemistry
  • Aconitic Acid* / pharmacology
  • Alcohol Oxidoreductases / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Antifungal Agents* / chemical synthesis
  • Antifungal Agents* / chemistry
  • Antifungal Agents* / pharmacology
  • Candida albicans / drug effects
  • Candida albicans / enzymology
  • Enzyme Inhibitors* / chemical synthesis
  • Enzyme Inhibitors* / chemistry
  • Enzyme Inhibitors* / pharmacology
  • Humans
  • Hydro-Lyases / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Lysine / biosynthesis
  • Models, Molecular
  • Tricarboxylic Acids* / chemical synthesis
  • Tricarboxylic Acids* / chemistry
  • Tricarboxylic Acids* / pharmacology

Substances

  • Antifungal Agents
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Tricarboxylic Acids
  • homoisocitric acid
  • Aconitic Acid
  • Alcohol Oxidoreductases
  • homoisocitrate dehydrogenase
  • Hydro-Lyases
  • homoaconitate hydratase
  • Lysine