Design, purification and characterization of a soluble variant of the integral membrane protein MotB for structural studies

J R Soc Interface. 2013 Feb;10(79):20120717. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0717.

Abstract

The bacterial flagellar motor is an intricate nanomachine powered by a transmembrane electrochemical gradient. Rotation is driven by the cumulative action of several peptidoglycan-anchored stator complexes on the rotor. In proton-motive force-driven motors, the stator complex is composed of a motility protein B (MotB) dimer surrounded by four copies of MotA, where both MotA and MotB are integral membrane proteins. The lack of full-length MotA and MotB structures hinders understanding of the mechanism of torque generation. Given the low levels of expression and low stability of detergent-solubilized MotB, a soluble chimaeric variant was engineered, where the two transmembrane helices of the MotB dimer were replaced by a leucine zipper. The biochemical and biophysical analysis of the resultant protein showed that it was properly folded, stable, behaved as a monodisperse dimer at low pH, had molecular dimensions close to those expected for native MotB and yielded reproducible crystals. The chimaeric protein is, therefore, a good candidate for structural studies. This 'solubilization by design' approach may be generally applicable to the production of soluble forms of other dimeric, trimeric and tetrameric single-span membrane proteins for functional and structural studies.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Bacterial Proteins / chemistry*
  • Bacterial Proteins / isolation & purification
  • Chromatography, Gel
  • Circular Dichroism
  • Crystallization
  • DNA Primers / genetics
  • Models, Molecular*
  • Molecular Motor Proteins / chemistry*
  • Molecular Motor Proteins / isolation & purification
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Protein Conformation*
  • Protein Engineering / methods*
  • Recombinant Proteins / chemistry*
  • Recombinant Proteins / isolation & purification
  • Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

Substances

  • Bacterial Proteins
  • DNA Primers
  • Molecular Motor Proteins
  • MotB protein, Bacteria
  • Recombinant Proteins