Auditory processing under cross-modal visual load investigated with simultaneous EEG-fMRI

PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e52267. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052267. Epub 2012 Dec 14.

Abstract

Cognitive task demands in one sensory modality (T1) can have beneficial effects on a secondary task (T2) in a different modality, due to reduced top-down control needed to inhibit the secondary task, as well as crossmodal spread of attention. This contrasts findings of cognitive load compromising a secondary modality's processing. We manipulated cognitive load within one modality (visual) and studied the consequences of cognitive demands on secondary (auditory) processing. 15 healthy participants underwent a simultaneous EEG-fMRI experiment. Data from 8 participants were obtained outside the scanner for validation purposes. The primary task (T1) was to respond to a visual working memory (WM) task with four conditions, while the secondary task (T2) consisted of an auditory oddball stream, which participants were asked to ignore. The fMRI results revealed fronto-parietal WM network activations in response to T1 task manipulation. This was accompanied by significantly higher reaction times and lower hit rates with increasing task difficulty which confirmed successful manipulation of WM load. Amplitudes of auditory evoked potentials, representing fundamental auditory processing showed a continuous augmentation which demonstrated a systematic relation to cross-modal cognitive load. With increasing WM load, primary auditory cortices were increasingly deactivated while psychophysiological interaction results suggested the emergence of auditory cortices connectivity with visual WM regions. These results suggest differential effects of crossmodal attention on fundamental auditory processing. We suggest a continuous allocation of resources to brain regions processing primary tasks when challenging the central executive under high cognitive load.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Auditory Perception / physiology*
  • Behavior / physiology
  • Biofeedback, Psychology / physiology*
  • Brain / physiology*
  • Brain Mapping / methods
  • Cerebral Cortex / physiology*
  • Electroencephalography / methods
  • Evoked Potentials, Auditory / physiology*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods
  • Male
  • Memory, Short-Term / physiology
  • Visual Perception / physiology*
  • Young Adult

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG: IRTG1328, KFO-112/TP9: Ha3202/2-2), the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research of the Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University (N2-6, N4-4), the Research Council KUL (GOA MaNet), and the Flemish Government (FWO G.0427.10N, Integrated EEG-fMRI).CR is supported by a start-up grant of the IRTG1328 (DFG). MDV is supported by an Alexander von Humboldt stipend. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.