Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is an important risk factor for colorectal cancer. We show that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) produced by upregulation of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) links chronic intestinal inflammation to colitis-associated cancer (CAC) and both are exacerbated by deletion of Sphk2. S1P is essential for production of the multifunctional NF-κB-regulated cytokine IL-6, persistent activation of the transcription factor STAT3, and consequent upregulation of the S1P receptor, S1PR1. The prodrug FTY720 decreased SphK1 and S1PR1 expression and eliminated the NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 amplification cascade and development of CAC, even in Sphk2(-/-) mice, and may be useful in treating colon cancer in individuals with ulcerative colitis. Thus, the SphK1/S1P/S1PR1 axis is at the nexus between NF-κB and STAT3 and connects chronic inflammation and CAC.
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / genetics
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Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / pathology
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Colitis / complications
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Colitis / drug therapy
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Colitis / genetics*
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Colitis / pathology
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Colon / drug effects
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Colon / metabolism
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Colon / pathology
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Fingolimod Hydrochloride
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Gene Deletion
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Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / drug effects
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Interleukin-6 / metabolism
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Lysophospholipids / genetics
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Lysophospholipids / metabolism
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Lysophospholipids / physiology*
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Mice
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NF-kappa B / metabolism
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Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / genetics*
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Propylene Glycols / pharmacology
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Propylene Glycols / therapeutic use
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STAT3 Transcription Factor / metabolism
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Sphingosine / analogs & derivatives*
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Sphingosine / genetics
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Sphingosine / metabolism
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Sphingosine / pharmacology
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Sphingosine / physiology
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Sphingosine / therapeutic use
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Tumor Microenvironment / drug effects
Substances
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Interleukin-6
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Lysophospholipids
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NF-kappa B
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Propylene Glycols
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STAT3 Transcription Factor
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Stat3 protein, mouse
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sphingosine 1-phosphate
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Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)
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sphingosine kinase
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Fingolimod Hydrochloride
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Sphingosine