Prevalence, distribution, and differential diagnosis of nasopalatine duct cysts

INTRODUCTION.: Nasopalatine duct cysts (NPDCs) are the most common developmental epithelial non-odontogenic cysts of the maxillae. Their origin, however, is still a source of considerable debate. AIMS.: The aim of this investigation is to describe and discuss the etiology, differential diagnosis, clinic-pathological characteristics as well as to report the relative frequency and distribution of nasopalatine duct cysts in population (NPDCs) with a literature's review on the topic.

Methods: The retrospective study was carried out using 36 clinical cases, with histopatological confirmation for NPDC, radiographs and oral photographs. Data included age and gender of the patient, radiographic findings, etiological factors, treatment, and prognosis of NPDC. Few surgical consideration are discussed.

Results: The study results report a clear male predilection with a 3:1 ratio. No statistically significant correlation was observed between the size of the lesion and patient's gender. Lesions were usually asymptomatic. All cysts were located in the anterior maxillary midline region. Panoramic X-rays and computed tomography was used to identify the lesion. Surgical treatment was performed under local anesthesia including the dissection and removal of the cyst, adopting a usually palatine approach, with an enveloping flap from 1.4 to 2.4.

Conclusions: The etiology of NPDC is unclear and a male predilection was observed. Simple surgical resection is recommended, followed by clinical and radiological control to ensure correct resolution of the case.