Study objectives: Although hypothesized through animal studies, a temporal and causal association between hypocretin deficiency and the onset of narcolepsy with cataplexy (NC) has never been proven in humans.
Setting: Paediatric Department, Blekinge Hospital, Sweden, and Danish Center for Sleep Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, Denmark.
Patient and results: Two weeks after his second Pandemrix-vaccination, a 10 year old HLA-DQB1*0602-positive boy developed NC. The CSF hypocretin-1 level was 10 pg/ml. However, CSF saved from a pre-narcolepsy episode of Lyme disease revealed a normal hypocretin-1 level (318 pg/ml).
Conclusions: We confirm that hypocretin deficiency develops in parallel to the onset of human narcolepsy with cataplexy.