The article discusses the critical issues of clinical manifestations and treatment of fungal infections in patients after kidney transplantation. In fungal infection, which is usually detected in the composition of microbial associations, lungs are more often affected. In this case, mortality reaches 60%. Affecting the renal transplant by Candida spp. or Aspergillus spp. can lead to the loss of function of transplanted kidneys. At the current stage, lipid formulations of amphotericin B are drugs of choice for antimycotic therapy in posttransplant period. Nephrotoxic effect of amphotericin B is reversible and does not represent a serious threat to the function of the transplantate. Administration of lipid formulations of amphotericin B is the most justified, since it does not affect the concentration ofimmunosuppressive drugs in the blood serum of patients after transplantation.