IL-21-stimulated human plasmacytoid dendritic cells secrete granzyme B, which impairs their capacity to induce T-cell proliferation

Blood. 2013 Apr 18;121(16):3103-11. doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-08-452995. Epub 2013 Feb 13.

Abstract

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a crucial role during innate immunity by secreting bulk amounts of type I interferons (IFNs) in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated pathogen recognition. In addition, pDCs can also contribute to adaptive immunity by activation of antigen-specific T cells. Furthermore, it is well established that pDCs contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including lupus. Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a cytokine produced by activated CD4(+) T and natural killer T (NKT) cells and has a pleiotropic role in immunity by controlling myeloid DC-, NKT-, T-, and B-cell functions. It has remained elusive whether IL-21 affects pDCs. Here we investigate the role of IL-21 in human pDC activation and function and observe that IL-21 activates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in line with the finding that pDCs express the IL-21 receptor. Although IL-21 did not affect TLR-induced type I IFNs, IL-6, and TNF-α nor expression of major-histocompatibility-complex class II or costimulatory molecules, IL-21 markedly increased expression of the serine protease granzyme B (GrB). We demonstrate that GrB induction was, in part, responsible for IL-21-mediated downmodulation of CD4(+) T-cell proliferation induced by TLR preactivated pDCs. Collectively, our data provide evidence that pDCs are important cells to consider when investigating the role of IL-21 in immunity or pathogenesis.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / cytology
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • Cell Proliferation
  • Cell Survival
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Child, Preschool
  • Cytokines / immunology
  • Dendritic Cells / cytology
  • Dendritic Cells / immunology*
  • Dendritic Cells / metabolism
  • Granzymes / genetics
  • Granzymes / immunology*
  • Humans
  • Interleukins / immunology*
  • Toll-Like Receptors / immunology
  • Up-Regulation

Substances

  • Cytokines
  • Interleukins
  • Toll-Like Receptors
  • Granzymes
  • interleukin-21