Where have all the parasites gone? Modelling early malaria parasite sequestration dynamics

PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e55961. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055961. Epub 2013 Feb 18.

Abstract

Traditional approaches to measuring the level of malaria infection involve counting the proportion of parasite-infected red blood cells (iRBC) in circulating blood, known as parasitaemia. However, iRBC can also accumulate within the microvasculature of tissues and organs, a process called sequestration. Thus measurements of parasitemia do not necessarily reflect the total parasite burden (TPB). Recent experimental advances have allowed TPB measurements to be made in humans and experimental models. TPB is particularly important because it is the best current predictor of malaria disease severity and death in humans. Understanding the relationship between freely circulating iRBC versus tissue-sequestered iRBC is an important question in infection dynamics. The recent ability to experimentally measure the dynamics of iRBC in blood and tissue during murine malaria provides an exciting potential window into sequestration, but new modeling approaches are clearly required to understand these interactions. We present a model of malaria dynamics during early infection that incorporates iRBC that both circulate in the blood and sequester in tissue microvasculature. We explore the effect that perturbations to the system have on the ratio of the number of iRBC between these compartments, and consider which changes are most consistent with experimental data from mice. Using this model we predict an increase in the clearance rate of sequestered iRBCs around the time when mild symptoms become apparent, but a more pronounced increase in the rate of sequestration of iRBCs associated with the onset of severe malaria symptoms.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Algorithms
  • Animals
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Erythrocytes / parasitology*
  • Female
  • Life Cycle Stages
  • Malaria / parasitology*
  • Mice
  • Models, Biological*
  • Parasitemia / parasitology
  • Plasmodium berghei / growth & development
  • Time Factors

Grants and funding

DC is an UNSW Vice-Chancellor’s Post-Doctoral Fellow, SEB is funded by an Australian NHMRC Project Grant (Grant Number 613702), CE is a NHMRC Senior Research Fellow, AH is an Australian NHMRC Career Development Fellow and MPD is a NHMRC Senior Research Fellow. The work was funded by the NHMRC and Australian Centre for Vaccine Development. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.