Synthesis and redox and photophysical properties of benzodifuran-spiropyran ensembles

Chemistry. 2013 May 10;19(20):6459-66. doi: 10.1002/chem.201204043. Epub 2013 Mar 13.

Abstract

Two benzodifuran (BDF)-coupled spiropyran (SP) systems and their BDF reference compounds were obtained in good yields through Huisgen-Meldal-Sharpless "click" chemistry and then subjected to investigation of their electrochemical and photophysical properties. In both SP and merocyanine (MC) forms of the coupled molecules, the BDF-based emission is quenched to around 1 % of the quantum yield of emission from the BDF reference compounds. Based on electrochemical data, this quenching is attributed to oxidative electron-transfer quenching. Irradiation at 366 nm results in ring opening to the MC forms of the BDF-coupled SP compounds and the SP reference compound with a quantum efficiency of about 50 %. The rate constants for the thermal ring closing are approximately 3.4×10(-3) s(-1). However, in the photostationary states the MC fractions of the coupled molecules are substantially lower than that of the reference SP compound, attributed to the observed acceleration of the ring-closing reaction upon irradiation. As irradiation at 366 nm invariably also excites higher-energy transitions of the BDF units in the coupled compounds, the ring-opening reaction is accelerated relative to the SP reference, which results in lower MC fractions in the photostationary state. Reversible photochromism of these BDF-coupled SP compounds renders them promising in the field of molecular switches.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Benzofurans / chemistry*
  • Benzopyrans / chemical synthesis*
  • Benzopyrans / chemistry
  • Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings / chemical synthesis*
  • Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings / chemistry
  • Indoles / chemical synthesis*
  • Indoles / chemistry
  • Molecular Structure
  • Nitro Compounds / chemical synthesis*
  • Nitro Compounds / chemistry
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Spiro Compounds / chemistry*

Substances

  • Benzofurans
  • Benzopyrans
  • Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings
  • Indoles
  • Nitro Compounds
  • Spiro Compounds
  • merocyanine
  • spiropyran