Patients with diabetic nephropathy comprise up to 30% of dialisis population. The treatment optimum for these patients remains the transplantation of pancreas and kidney. There were no successful attempts in Russia so long ago as the end of the previous century. The issue analyses the experience of the SCS (where the first successful transplantation of kidney-pancreas complex was conducted) and other Russian institutes, where the problem is elaborated. Flaws and advantages of the used operative methods of pancreas and Β-cells transplantation; early and long-term results are thoroughly discussed.