Histoplasmosis mimicking primary lung cancer or pulmonary metastases

J Bras Pneumol. 2013 Jan-Feb;39(1):63-8. doi: 10.1590/s1806-37132013000100009.
[Article in English, Portuguese]

Abstract

Objective: To describe the main clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with histoplasmosis mimicking lung cancer.

Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study based on the analysis of the medical records of the 294 patients diagnosed with histoplasmosis between 1977 and 2011 at the Mycology Laboratory of the Santa Casa Sisters of Mercy Hospital of Porto Alegre in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The diagnosis of histoplasmosis was established by culture, histopathological examination, or immunodiffusion testing (identification of M or H precipitation bands). After identifying the patients with macroscopic lesions, as well as radiological and CT findings consistent with malignancy, we divided the patients into two groups: those with a history of cancer and presenting with lesions mimicking metastases (HC group); and those with no such history but also presenting with lesions mimicking metastases (NHC group).

Results: Of the 294 patients diagnosed with histoplasmosis, 15 had presented with lesions mimicking primary neoplasia or metastases (9 and 6 in the HC and NHC groups, respectively). The age of the patients ranged from 13 to 67 years (median, 44 years). Of the 15 patients, 14 (93%) presented with pulmonary lesions at the time of hospitalization.

Conclusions: The clinical and radiological syndrome of neoplastic disease is not confined to malignancy, and granulomatous infectious diseases must therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis.

OBJETIVO:: Descrever as principais características clínico-radiológicas de pacientes com histoplasmose simulando câncer de pulmão.

MÉTODOS:: Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo baseado na análise dos prontuários médicos de 294 pacientes diagnosticados com histoplasmose no Laboratório de Micologia da Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, em Porto Alegre (RS) entre 1977 e 2011. O diagnóstico de histoplasmose foi estabelecido por cultura, exame histopatológico ou identificação de bandas M ou H por imunodifusão. Após identificar os pacientes com lesões macroscópicas e com achados compatíveis de malignidade em radiografia ou TC de tórax, os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: pacientes com história de câncer e lesões simulando metástases (grupo HC) e pacientes sem história de câncer com lesão simulando neoplasia primária (SHC).

RESULTADOS:: Dos 294 pacientes com histoplasmose, 15 apresentaram lesões simulando neoplasia primária ou metástases (9 e 6 nos grupos HC e SHC, respectivamente). A idade dos pacientes variou de 13 a 67 anos (mediana, 44 anos) Dos 15 pacientes, 14 (93%) apresentaram lesões pulmonares no momento da internação.

CONCLUSÕES:: A síndrome clínica e radiológica da doença neoplásica não se limita a malignidade, e, portanto, as doenças infecciosas granulomatosas devem ser consideradas no diagnóstico diferencial.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Carcinoma / diagnostic imaging*
  • Carcinoma / secondary
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Female
  • Histoplasmosis / diagnosis*
  • Histoplasmosis / diagnostic imaging
  • Histoplasmosis / pathology
  • Humans
  • Lung Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Radiography
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Young Adult