Formation and identification of PAHs metabolites in marine organisms

Mar Environ Res. 2013 Oct:91:2-13. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.02.004. Epub 2013 Mar 1.

Abstract

In this study, the development of the technique APCI(+) LC/MS/MS allowed the detection of phenanthrene, pyrene and metabolites of alkyl homologs in fish bile (in situ) and in urine of crabs. Laboratory experiments were carried out exposing crabs from an unpolluted mangrove (Barra de Guaratiba) to phenanthrene, and to the alkylated homologs 1-methyl phenanthrene and 2,6,9-trimethyl phenanthrene. Urine samples were collected at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Fishes were captured from strategic sites from Guanabara Bay. Hydroxylated metabolites of phenanthrene, epoxides, orthoquinone and glucoside conjugates were identified in both samples. The method APCI(+) LC/MS/MS showed to be effective in a preliminary assessment of phenanthrene metabolite formation, although the low concentrations of 1-methyl phenanthene and 2,6,9-trimethyl phenanthrene did not allow a systematic evaluation of data. The method, however, proved to be excellent tool for studies of PAHs metabolites due to the high selectivity, sensitivity and separation attained.

Keywords: Barra de Guaratiba mangrove; Bioassay; Crab; Fish; Genidens genidens; Guanabara Bay; Liquid chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS); Micropogonias furnieri; Mugil liza; PAHs Metabolites; Ucides cordatus.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Aquatic Organisms / chemistry*
  • Aquatic Organisms / metabolism
  • Bile / chemistry
  • Brachyura / chemistry
  • Brachyura / metabolism
  • Chromatography, Liquid
  • Fishes / metabolism
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Phenanthrenes / analysis
  • Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / analysis*
  • Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / metabolism
  • Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / urine
  • Pyrenes / analysis
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / analysis*
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / urine

Substances

  • Phenanthrenes
  • Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
  • Pyrenes
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical
  • phenanthrene
  • pyrene