Objective: Readout-segmented echo-planar imaging (EPI) has been suggested as an alternative to single-shot EPI for diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with reduced distortion. However, clinical comparisons of readout-segmented EPI and EPI DWI are limited by unmatched imaging parameters and reconstruction procedures. Our goal was to compare the clinical utility of generalized autocalibrating partial parallel acquisition (GRAPPA)-accelerated readout-segmented EPI DWI with GRAPPA-accelerated EPI DWI for visualization of the pediatric brain in regions prone to distortion, such as the orbit, skull base, and posterior fossa.
Subjects and methods: Thirty consecutive patients (mean age, 7.8 years) presenting with orbital, skull base, and posterior fossa neuropathologic abnormalities were scanned at 3 T. Images were obtained using GRAPPA-accelerated readout-segmented EPI and GRAPPA-accelerated EPI with an identical scanning time, acceleration factor, target resolution, and image postprocessing procedure. The two datasets were independently reviewed by two blinded neuroradiologists. Imaging studies were evaluated for resolution, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast, distortion, lesion conspicuity, and diagnostic confidence and graded using a 7-point Likert scale (1, nondiagnostic; 7, outstanding).
Results: There was good reader agreement in the scores (κ = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.54-0.78). The mean scores for EPI and readout-segmented EPI, respectively, were as follows: resolution, 5.0 and 6.0; SNR, 5.5 and 3.0; contrast, 3.7 and 3.2; distortion, 4.8 and 6.0; lesion conspicuity, 4.6 and 5.1; and diagnostic confidence, 4.7 and 5.4. Readout-segmented EPI was superior in resolution, distortion reduction, lesion conspicuity, and diagnostic confidence, whereas EPI scored better in SNR and contrast. Readout-segmented EPI was considered the better sequence overall in 85% of the cases.
Conclusion: This study shows the benefits of improved resolution and reduced distortion of readout-segmented EPI in evaluating the orbit, skull base, and posterior fossa, sites of common neuropathologic abnormalities in children.