De novo AML patients with favourable-intermediate karyotype may benefit from the addition of low-dose gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) to fludarabine, Ara-C and idarubicin (FLAI): a contribution to the reopened "GO question"

Ann Hematol. 2013 Oct;92(10):1309-18. doi: 10.1007/s00277-013-1780-7. Epub 2013 May 18.

Abstract

We report the final results of a prospective trial testing the combination of fludarabine, Ara-C and idarubicin (FLAI) followed by low-dose gemtuzumab ozogamicin (FLAI-GO) in 85 patients aged 60 years or more with CD33+ acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Median age was 68 years (60-82); karyotype was unfavourable in 21 patients (24%), intermediate in 63 (74%) and favourable in 1 (2%). There were five therapy-related deaths. Of the 80 evaluable patients, 47 achieved complete response (CR) (58%); CR rates were 65 and 32% in good-intermediate/poor karyotype patients, respectively. Median length of CR was 7 months (3-76). The cumulative incidence of relapse was 84% with an actuarial survival of 50.3% at 1 year and 14.4% at 2 years. The study control population is an unselected consecutive historic cohort of 104 patients treated with the FLAI regimen, who were matched for age and prognostic factors. CR rates after FLAI-GO and FLAI were comparable. However, patients with de novo AML and intermediate-favourable karyotype receiving GO had a significantly lower risk of relapse at 2 years as compared to patients not receiving GO (n = 77) (40 vs 80%, p = 0.01) and significantly better disease-free survival (p = 0.018) and overall survival (p = 0.022).

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Aminoglycosides / therapeutic use*
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / therapeutic use*
  • Cytarabine / therapeutic use*
  • Female
  • Gemtuzumab
  • Humans
  • Idarubicin / therapeutic use*
  • Karyotype
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / drug therapy*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prospective Studies
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Vidarabine / analogs & derivatives*
  • Vidarabine / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Aminoglycosides
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
  • Cytarabine
  • Gemtuzumab
  • Vidarabine
  • fludarabine
  • Idarubicin