Spatial orientation and perception of distance are anchored in the visual system in the same way as color perception. However, different centers with different levels of expression are involved in the various aspects of visual processing starting from the primary visual cortex in the occipital lobes. In this article the investigation methods and designs are described by which the various functions within the visual system can be assigned to the appropriate specialized center in the parietal and temporal lobes using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).