Development and validation of the Sports Athlete Foot and Ankle Score: an instrument for sports-related ankle injuries

Foot Ankle Surg. 2013 Sep;19(3):162-7. doi: 10.1016/j.fas.2013.02.001. Epub 2013 Mar 25.

Abstract

Background: Many existing scoring systems assess ankle function, but there is no evidence that any of them has been validated in a group of patients with a higher demand on their ankle function. Problems include ceiling effects, not being able to detect change or they do not contain a sports-subscale. The aim of this study was to create a validated self-administered scoring system for ankle injuries in the higher performing athlete.

Methods: First, 26 patients were interviewed to solicit opinions needed to create the final score, which is modified from the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). Second, SAFAS was validated in a group of 25 athletes with and 14 athletes without ankle injury. It is a self-administered region specific sports foot and ankle score that contains four subscales assessing the levels of symptoms, pain, daily living and sports.

Results: The Spearman correlation coefficients between SAFAS and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) ranged from 0.78 to 0.88. Content validity is established by key informant interviews, expert opinions and a high satisfaction rate of 75%. Cronbach's alpha indicated good internal consistency of each subscale ranging from 0.77 to 0.92.

Conclusion: SAFAS has shown good evidence for being a valid instrudent for assessing sports-related ankle injuries in high-performing athletes.

Keywords: Ankle; Athletes; Injury; Scoring system; Sports.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Validation Study

MeSH terms

  • Activities of Daily Living*
  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Ankle Injuries / diagnosis*
  • Ankle Injuries / physiopathology
  • Ankle Joint / physiopathology*
  • Athletes*
  • Athletic Injuries / diagnosis*
  • Athletic Injuries / physiopathology
  • Foot / physiopathology*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Surveys and Questionnaires*
  • Trauma Severity Indices
  • Young Adult