Decoys and Regulatory "Receptors" of the IL-1/Toll-Like Receptor Superfamily

Front Immunol. 2013 Jul 9:4:180. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00180. eCollection 2013.

Abstract

Members of the IL-1 family play a key role in innate and adaptive immunity and in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases. Members of IL-1R like receptor (ILR) family include signaling molecules and negative regulators. The latter include decoy receptors (IL-1RII; IL-18BP) and "receptors" with regulatory function (TIR8/SIGIRR; IL-1RAcPb; DIGIRR). Structural considerations suggest that also TIGIRR-1 and IL-1RAPL may have regulatory function. The presence of multiple pathways of negative regulation of members of the IL-1/IL-1R family emphasizes the need for a tight control of members of this fundamental system.

Keywords: cytokine; decoy receptor; inflammation; interleukin-1.