Abstract
This study examines the prevalence of miscarriage/stillbirth among female sex workers who inject drugs (FSW-IDUs) and measures its associations with physical and sexual violence. Baseline data from 582 FSW-IDUs enrolled in an HIV intervention study in Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico were used for current analyses. 30% of participants had experienced at least one miscarriage/stillbirth, 51% had experienced sexual violence, and 49% had experienced physical violence. History of miscarriage/stillbirth was associated with sexual violence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.7, p = .02) but not physical violence. Additional reproductive risks associated with miscarriage/stillbirth included high numbers of male clients in the previous month (aOR = 1.1 per 30 clients, p = 0.04), history of abortion (aOR = 3.7, p < .001), and higher number of pregnancies (aOR = 1.4 per additional pregnancy, p < .001). Programs and research with this population should integrate reproductive health and consider gender-based violence.
Publication types
-
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
MeSH terms
-
Abortion, Induced / statistics & numerical data
-
Abortion, Spontaneous / epidemiology*
-
Abortion, Spontaneous / ethnology
-
Abortion, Spontaneous / prevention & control
-
Adolescent
-
Adult
-
California
-
Cross-Sectional Studies
-
Female
-
Health Surveys
-
Humans
-
Mexican Americans / statistics & numerical data*
-
Mexico / ethnology
-
Middle Aged
-
Pregnancy
-
Pregnancy Complications / epidemiology*
-
Pregnancy Complications / ethnology
-
Pregnancy Complications / prevention & control
-
Risk Factors
-
Sex Offenses / ethnology
-
Sex Offenses / prevention & control
-
Sex Offenses / statistics & numerical data*
-
Sex Workers / education
-
Sex Workers / psychology*
-
Sex Workers / statistics & numerical data*
-
Sexually Transmitted Diseases / epidemiology
-
Sexually Transmitted Diseases / ethnology
-
Sexually Transmitted Diseases / prevention & control
-
Social Environment*
-
Stillbirth / epidemiology*
-
Stillbirth / ethnology
-
Substance Abuse, Intravenous / epidemiology*
-
Substance Abuse, Intravenous / ethnology
-
Substance Abuse, Intravenous / prevention & control
-
Transients and Migrants / statistics & numerical data*
-
Unsafe Sex / ethnology
-
Unsafe Sex / statistics & numerical data
-
Violence / ethnology
-
Violence / prevention & control
-
Violence / statistics & numerical data*
-
Young Adult