The diagnosis of Kümmell's disease mainly depends on clinical and radiologic findings. However, these are not the gold standards for diagnosing this disease; bone biopsy is required. The authors performed modified bone biopsy and cement-filling techniques during kyphoplasty and investigated the feasibility and efficacy of kyphoplasty for the treatment of Kümmell's disease. This study included 28 patients (9 men and 19 women; average age, 71.9 years) with Kümmell's disease. All patients underwent the modified biopsy procedure and kyphoplasty with the modified cement-filling technique. Treatment efficacy was evaluated using visual analog scale pain scores, Oswestry Disability Index scores, vertebral height, and Cobb angles pre- and postoperatively and at final follow-up. All patients tolerated the procedure well and had immediate back pain relief after kyphoplasty. Biopsy examination revealed necrotic bone in 24 patients and sparse cancellous bone in 2; it was unsuccessful in 2 patients. No severe complication occurred in any patient. Two patients had cement leakage but no clinical symptoms. All efficacy measures were significantly better at the postoperative assessments than the preoperative assessments (P<.05) but were similar at the postoperative and final follow-up assessments. Kyphoplasty is a relatively effective and safe method for treating Kümmell's disease when modified techniques are performed to prevent cement leakage, and forceps biopsy can be used in the differential diagnosis of this condition.
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