Is percutaneous nephrolithotomy in solitary kidneys safe?

Urology. 2013 Nov;82(5):1013-6. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.06.034. Epub 2013 Aug 16.

Abstract

Objective: To review our experience from a high volume stone center with a focus on efficacy, safety, and renal function.

Methods: Stones requiring percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in patients with solitary kidneys can pose significant anxiety to the urologist. Limited data are available in published reports in this setting. A comprehensive retrospective review of medical records was performed on patients who underwent PCNL and had a solitary kidney or a single functioning renal unit. Data were collected on patient demographics, stone burden, outcomes, complications, and renal function.

Results: Of 378 PCNLs performed between January 2003 and September 2011, 22 were performed in 17 patients with a single functioning kidney. Three procedures were performed in a transplanted kidney. In those with solitary calculus, the longest mean length and stone surface area were 37 mm and 825 mm(2), respectively. Stone-free rate was 59%. Auxiliary procedures were required in 6 cases, resulting in a stone-free rate of 77%. Median inpatient stay was 4 days. Serum creatinine values improved from 144 to 126 umol/L before and after the procedure and mean estimated glomerular filtration rate improved similarly from 51 to 59 mls/minute, respectively. Blood transfusion was required in 1 patient, sepsis developed in 3, and 2 patients required a stent for obstruction.

Conclusion: PCNL in solitary kidneys is safe with an acceptable complication rate if performed in a high volume center. Outcomes are good, although auxiliary procedures may be necessary. Renal function remains stable or improves after procedure.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Creatinine / blood
  • Female
  • Glomerular Filtration Rate
  • Humans
  • Kidney / surgery*
  • Kidney Calculi / surgery*
  • Length of Stay
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / adverse effects
  • Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / methods*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Creatinine