Ph+ ALL patients in first complete remission have similar survival after reduced intensity and myeloablative allogeneic transplantation: impact of tyrosine kinase inhibitor and minimal residual disease

Leukemia. 2014 Mar;28(3):658-65. doi: 10.1038/leu.2013.253. Epub 2013 Aug 30.

Abstract

The efficacy of reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is uncertain. We analyzed 197 adults with Ph+ ALL in first complete remission; 67 patients receiving RIC were matched with 130 receiving myeloablative conditioning (MAC) for age, donor type and HCT year. Over 75% received pre-HCT tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), mostly imatinib; 39% (RIC) and 49% (MAC) were minimal residual disease (MRD)(neg) pre-HCT. At a median 4.5 years follow-up, 1-year transplant-related mortality (TRM) was lower in RIC (13%) than MAC (36%; P=0.001) while the 3-year relapse rate was 49% in RIC and 28% in MAC (P=0.058). Overall survival (OS) was similar (RIC 39% (95% confidence interval (CI) 27-52) vs 35% (95% CI 27-44); P=0.62). Patients MRD(pos) pre-HCT had higher risk of relapse with RIC vs MAC (hazard ratio (HR) 1.97; P=0.026). However, patients receiving pre-HCT TKI in combination with MRD negativity pre-RIC HCT had superior OS (55%) compared with a similar MRD population after MAC (33%; P=0.0042). In multivariate analysis, RIC lowered TRM (HR 0.6; P=0.057), but absence of pre-HCT TKI (HR 1.88; P=0.018), RIC (HR 1.891; P=0.054) and pre-HCT MRD(pos) (HR 1.6; P=0.070) increased relapse risk. RIC is a valid alternative strategy for Ph+ ALL patients ineligible for MAC and MRD(neg) status is preferred pre-HCT.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Animals
  • Bone Marrow Transplantation*
  • Female
  • Guinea Pigs
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm, Residual*
  • Philadelphia Chromosome*
  • Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / pathology
  • Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / surgery*
  • Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Remission Induction*
  • Survival Rate*
  • Transplantation Conditioning*
  • Transplantation, Homologous
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Protein-Tyrosine Kinases