Perioperative conduction disturbances after transcatheter aortic valve replacement

J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2013 Dec;27(6):1414-20. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2013.08.001. Epub 2013 Oct 5.

Abstract

Cardiac conduction disturbances after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are common and important. The risk factors and outcome effects of atrial fibrillation after TAVR recently have been appreciated. The paucity of clinical trials has resulted in the absence of clinical guidelines for the management of this important arrhythmia in this high-risk patient population. Given this evidence gap and clinical necessity, it is likely that clinical trials in the near future will be designed and implemented to address these issues. Prompt recognition and proper management of atrioventricular block remain essential in the management of patients undergoing TAVR, because heart block of all types is common and may require permanent pacemaker implantation. The current evidence base has described the incidence, risk factors, and current outcomes of this conduction disturbance in detail. As the practice of TAVR evolves and novel valve prostheses are developed, a focus on minimizing damage to the cardiac conductive system remains paramount. It remains to be seen how the next generation of TAVR prostheses will affect the incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of associated conduction disturbances.

Keywords: Edwards Sapien valve; Medtronic CoreValve; Valve Academic Research Consortium; aortic annulus; aortic cusp; atrial fibrillation; balloon valvuloplasty; bundle of His; conduction disturbances; conductive system anatomy; echocardiography; heart block; interventricular septum; left atrial size; left bundle-branch block; left ventricular outflow tract; mitral annular calcification; permanent pacemaker; right bundle-branch block; transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aortic Valve / physiopathology
  • Aortic Valve / surgery*
  • Atrial Fibrillation / etiology
  • Atrial Fibrillation / physiopathology
  • Atrial Fibrillation / therapy
  • Cardiac Catheterization
  • Heart Block / etiology
  • Heart Block / physiopathology
  • Heart Block / therapy
  • Heart Conduction System / physiopathology*
  • Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / adverse effects*
  • Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / methods*
  • Humans
  • Intraoperative Complications / etiology
  • Intraoperative Complications / physiopathology*