1 At The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Maria M. Cvach is an Assistant Director of Nursing/Clinical Standards, Co-Chair of the Alarm Management Committee, and Chair of the Alarm Systems Steering Committee of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, Health Technology Safety Institute; Andrew Currie is the Director of Clinical Engineering Services and Co-Chair of the Alarm Management Committee; Adam Sapirstein is the Associate Chair of the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine and Co-Chair of the Alarm Management Committee; Peter A. Doyle is a Human Factors Engineer; and Peter Pronovost is Director of the Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality and Johns Hopkins Medicine Senior Vice-President for Patient Safety and Quality.