This study estimated the prevalence of bone pathologies in a cohort of HIV-infected women in comparison with a cohort of HIV-negative women. Bone mineral density was measured by phalangeal quantitative ultrasound (AD-SoS: amplitude- dependent speed of sound; UBPI: ultrasound bone profile index). Risk of fracture, expressed by UBPI, was considered for value <0.39. Comparisons between groups and multivariate analyses were carried out using an ANOVA model. Correlations were evaluated using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Osteopenia and osteoporosis were present in 34.4% and 2% of patients, respectively. UBPI was pathologic in 5.7%. In a multivariate linear regression model significant correlations were found between AD-SoS z-score, duration of HIV-infection and BMI value. We also compared our cohort with 499 HIV-negative women as a historical control group of healthy subjects. AdSoS (2100 versus 2070 m/s) and UBPI (0.89 versus 0.74) were lower in HIV-infected women (p<0.001). Significant differences were also found in T-score values (p = 0.0013). These data show a high prevalence of bone diseases in women with HIV infection, correlated with duration of HIV-infection and BMI values. This non-invasive technique opens up new interesting perspectives, suggesting a possible use for bone mass screening in HIV-infected women.