Circulating cell-free DNA represents a non-invasive biomarker, as it can be isolated from human plasma, serum and other body fluids. Circulating tumor DNA shed from primary and metastatic cancers may allow the non-invasive analysis of the evolution of tumor genomes during treatment and disease progression through 'liquid biopsies'. The serial monitoring of tumor genotypes, which are instable and prone to changes under selection pressure, is becoming increasingly possible. The "liquid biopsy" provide novel biological insights into the process of metastasis and may elucidate signaling pathways involved in cell invasiveness and metastatic competence. This review will focus on the clinical utility of circulating cell free DNA in main solid tumors, including genetic and epigenetic alterations that can be detected.
Keywords: Breast cancer; Cell free DNA; Circulating nucleic acids; Colorectal cancer; Lung cancer; Ovarian cancer; Plasma/serum DNA; Prostate cancer.
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