Current international anti-HIV drug efficacy evaluation criteria including CD4 cell count and viral load. Antiviral therapy has good effect in suppressing viral load, although there are many limitations. More and more researchers began to focus on Chinese medicine. A large number of clinical practice shows that Chinese herbal medicine is good at improving patient immune function, reducing symptoms and improving quality of life, but the efficacy of inhibiting viral load was not obvious, clinical manifestation, immunological and virological indicators index inconsistency how to explain? This article from the perspective of theory and literature review, pointing out the similarities and differences of efficacy action points of Chinese and Western medicine treatment of AIDS from three aspects, including immune function, viral load and symptoms to explore the relevance of them. This paper proposed that immune function improvement and viral load change is not a direct inverse relationship (ie, improve immunity, the virus must fall); immunity improve followed by symptom relief and improved quality of life is more common to be seen; long-term improvement of immune function may follow by stable virus or gradual decline; the analysis still need to be testified in large sample, prolonged clinical observation in the future.