Closely linked to heavy smoking, larynx cancer is more common in men but its occurrence is rising in line with the increase in the number of women smokers. France is one of the most affected countries in Europe with 3,735 new cases in 2005. In terms of treatment, new endoscopic surgical techniques or radiotherapy are suitable for treating the disease in its early stages. For advanced stages, some patients may benefit from a larynx preserving approach based on chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Otherwise, a total laryngectomy is necessary.