Nanostructured singlet fission photovoltaics subject to triplet-charge annihilation

Singlet exciton fission is an efficient multiple-exciton generation process that is vulnerable to a characteristic loss process: triplet-charge annihilation. This loss process is characterized in singlet-fission photovoltaics and losses as high as 40% are observed in poorly designed devices. Techniques are demonstrated to improve charge extraction and reduce triplet-charge annihilation to negligible levels at short-circuit conditions.