Genetic diagnosis and genetic counseling for androgen-insensitivity syndrome: a report of three cases

J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2014 Mar;40(3):723-7. doi: 10.1111/jog.12249. Epub 2013 Dec 10.

Abstract

Aim: In order to verify androgen-insensitivity syndrome (AIS) for three individuals and their mothers, genetic diagnosis was performed after genetic counseling.

Methods: Polymerase chain reaction analysis was used for each exon of the androgen receptor (AR Xq11-q12) gene. The amplified DNA fragments were detected by gel electrophoresis. The DNA fragments were sequenced and their sequences were compared with those in a database (The Androgen Receptor Gene Mutations Database World Wide Web Server).

Results: A missense mutation was identified in exon 7 in case 1, deletions of exons 1 and 2 were identified in case 2, and a nonsense mutation was identified in the triplet repeat region of exon 1 in case 3. The mothers of the patients were also verified to be carriers of the mutations.

Conclusion: Genetic diagnosis is a very useful method for diagnosing AIS. However, genetic counseling, including emotional support for the mother, is an essential component of genetic diagnosis.

Keywords: X-linked inheritance; androgen-insensitivity syndrome; genetic counseling; genetic diagnosis; primary amenorrhea.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome / diagnosis
  • Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome / genetics*
  • Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome / therapy
  • Codon, Nonsense*
  • Exons
  • Female
  • Gene Deletion*
  • Genetic Counseling*
  • Heterozygote
  • Humans
  • Japan
  • Male
  • Mothers
  • Mutation, Missense*
  • Receptors, Androgen / genetics*

Substances

  • AR protein, human
  • Codon, Nonsense
  • Receptors, Androgen