The mediating effect of chronic pain on the relationship between obesity and physical function and disability in older adults

J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013 Dec;61(12):2079-2086. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12512. Epub 2013 Nov 1.

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the extent to which bodily pain mediates the effect of obesity on disability and physical function.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis.

Setting: Population-based sample of residents in the greater Boston area.

Participants: Community-dwelling adults aged 70 and older (N=736).

Measurements: Body mass index (BMI), obtained from measured height and weight, was categorized as normal weight (19.0-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2), or obese (≥30.0 kg/m2). Main outcome measures were the Physical Component Summary of the Medical Outcomes Study 12-item Short-Form Survey (PCS), activity of daily living (ADL) disability, and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score. Chronic pain was assessed according to the number of weight-bearing joint sites that had pain (hips, knees, feet and pain all over).

Results: Older obese adults had greater ADL disability and lower SPPB and PCS scores than their nonobese counterparts, although in sex-stratified adjusted analyses, obesity was adversely associated with outcomes only in women. Obesity was associated with greater number of pain sites; and more pain sites were associated with greater odds of disability. Mediation analysis suggests that pain is a significant mediator (22-44%) of the adverse effect of obesity on disability and physical function in women.

Conclusion: Bodily pain may be an important treatable mediator of the adverse effect of obesity on disability and physical function in women.

Keywords: disability; obesity; pain; physical function.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Activities of Daily Living*
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Body Mass Index
  • Boston / epidemiology
  • Chronic Pain / complications*
  • Chronic Pain / physiopathology
  • Comorbidity
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Disability Evaluation
  • Female
  • Geriatric Assessment
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Obesity / complications*
  • Obesity / physiopathology
  • Pain Measurement
  • Persons with Disabilities / statistics & numerical data*
  • Risk Factors
  • Sex Factors